Typical shares % dissolved in stormwater runoff → | 40 * | 65 * | 11 | 46 | 48 | 50 | 34 | 45 | 93 | 0 | 100 | 15 | 13 | 49 | 49 | 15 | 15 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 14 | 15 | 30 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 100 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 100 | 22 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 100 | 20 | 50 | 15 | 27 | 22 | 28 | 33 | 100 | 100 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 14 | 12 | 12 |
Highway runoff / Reference values ↓ | |
Aldheimer et al. (2006) | 5.0 | | 2.9 | 36 | 51 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Berbee et al. (1999) | | | 2.0 | 26 | 24 | | 15 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Bjelkås and Lindmark (1994) | | | 21 | 70 | 57 | 72 | 65 | 76 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 27 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Bäckström (2002) | | | | 9.0-28 | 15-35 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Bäckström et al. (2003) | | | 2.0 | 22 | 26 | 20 | | 12 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Bäckström et al. (2003) | | | 5.0 | 46 | 55 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Crabtree et al. (2008) | | | 6.0 | 54 | 42 | 45 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Ekvall (1998) | | | 3.0 | 23 | 30 | 53 | 25 | 30 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Folkesson (1994) | 5.0-50 | | | | | | | | | | | 14 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Higgins et al. (2008) | | | 25 | 31 | | | | 15 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Higgins et al. (2008) | | | | 50 | | | | 41 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Huber et al. (2016) | | | | 23 | 16 | 25 | 15 | 34 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Hvitved-Jacobsen et al. (1994) | 30 | | 25 | 65 | 65 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Irish et al. (1995) | | | 21 | 70 | 57 | 72 | 65 | 76 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 27 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Kjølholt et al. (1997) | | | 3.0 | 44 | 29 | | 59 | | | | | 15 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Legret and Pagotto (1999) | | | 7.0 | 56 | 62 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
NSQD (2004) | 80 | | 7.0 | 31 | 26 | 68 | 28 | 44 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 58 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Sansalone and Buchberger (1997) | | | 27 | 71 | 95 | 95 | 57 | 78 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 13 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Söderlund (2010) | | | 4.4 | 38 | 24 | 32 | 34 | 49 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Åstebol and Hvitved-Jacobssen (1998) | 20-40 | | 20-30 | 50-60 | 50-60 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Mixed urban-rural / Reference values ↓ | |
Alm et al. (2010) | | | 1.0 | 34 | 33 | 48 | 65 | 71 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Alm et al. (2010) | | | 2.0 | 30 | 14 | 18 | 65 | 48 | 85 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Andersson et al. (2012) | 24 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Andersson et al. (2012) | 17 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Andersson et al. (2012) | 40 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Andersson et al. (2012) | 20 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Andersson et al. (2012) | 46 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Berghage et al. (2009) | | | | 100 | 100 | | | | 100 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Boogaard et al. (2008) | 50 | | 10 | 35 | 43 | 40 | | 45 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Larm (2000) | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Larm et al. (2002) | | | | 35-78 | 15-73 | 63 | 13-39 | 40-67 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Magnusson et al. (2016) | | | 15 | 94 | 63 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Morrison (1985) | | | 10 | 30 | 45 | 60 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
NSQD (2004) | 48 | | 18 | 50 | 44 | 50 | 30 | 50 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 50 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
NSQD (2004) | 57 | | 25 | 58 | 43 | | | 37 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
NSQD (2004) | 50 | | 28 | 45 | 39 | 34 | 33 | 43 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
NSQD (2004) | 42 | | 20 | 36 | 53 | 30 | 21 | 31 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
NSQD (2004) | 42 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Pettersson et al. (1999) | | | 11 | 58 | 61 | 64 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Rydlinge and Widetun (2014) | | | 49 | 100 | 78 | 80 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Salt Lake City (1999) | 25 | | 9.4 | 19 | 24 | 1.9 | 13 | 7.1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 30 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Steets B. and Deeb R. (2018) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Tiefenthaler et al. (2001) | | | 53 | 75 | 75 | 67 | 65 | 82 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Tiefenthaler et al. (2001) | | | 50 | 64 | 83 | 43 | 60 | 68 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
USEPA (1983) | 37 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
USEPA (1983) | 40 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Vikström et al. (2004) | | | | 45 | 50 | 55 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Walker (1987) | 38 * | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Washington state department of ecology (2006). Parking. | | | | | 63 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Washington state department of ecology (2006). Parking. | | | | | 90 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total number of case studies | 21 | | 30 | 36 | 36 | 23 | 18 | 21 | 2 | | | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Median all data | 40 | | 11 | 46 | 48 | 50 | 34 | 45 | 93 | | | 15 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 50 | | 27 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Median highway runoff | 30 | | 6.5 | 44 | 42 | 53 | 34 | 43 | | | | 15 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 58 | | 27 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Median Mixed urban-rural runoff | 41 | | 16 | 50 | 50 | 49 | 33 | 48 | 93 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 40 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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